# Pet Training & Behavior: research notes

Date: 2026-10-25. Scope: tools and consumables whose primary job is to teach a new behavior, interrupt or deter an unwanted one, calm anxiety or fear, or redirect a puppy's elimination to a target spot. Four mechanism families: marker tools (clickers, whistles, target sticks), correction/deterrent devices (bark collars, remote trainers, handheld ultrasonic deterrents), calming aids (pheromone diffusers/collars/sprays, compression wraps), and housetraining pads/attractant sprays.

**Excluded, and why**, so this register does not swallow a sibling's products:
- Invisible/wireless/GPS containment fences. These share the exact e-collar technology of correction devices (same static pulse, same receiver collar), but both PetSafe and SportDOG run "Fencing" as a top-level product line separate from "Training" in their own site navigation (confirmed by fetching both sitemaps directly: petsafe.com's nav lists "Fencing" with In-Ground/Wireless/GPS Pet Fences, and "Training" separately with Bark Control/Remote Trainers; sportdog.com's nav lists "In-Ground Fencing" separately from "E-Collars"). Containment is a closer fit for `pet-doors-barriers` or a dedicated containment leaf; flagging here rather than guessing.
- Everyday collars, harnesses and leashes, including front-clip no-pull harnesses and head halters. These stay physically a collar/harness/leash variant and belong with the `collars` sibling (Collars, Harnesses & Leashes), even though a no-pull harness is bought to change behavior. Close call, flagged.
- Long training leads / recall lines. Functionally a leash variant; left to `collars`.
- Training treats, calming chews and any other ingested product. The shared `pets-standard` schema-part says so explicitly: "Pet food/treats/supplements -> formulations/pet-nutrition." Treat pouches (the bag, not the treat) were considered and dropped for thinness: a treat pouch is a generic small zip bag with a belt clip; nothing about it is category-specific once you remove the food inside, so it fails the generic test.
- Crates, playpens and their use in crate-training. The hardware belongs to `pet-carriers` / `pet-playpens`; "crate training" is a method, not a product.
- Training books, DVDs, and apps. Not a physical supply the schema tracks.

Quote labels: **verbatim** = I read the sentence myself, either via `curl` plus HTML-tag stripping (my own `python3 -c` scripts, saved as `.txt` files in the scratchpad) or via `pdftotext` on a downloaded PDF. **fetched excerpt** = the WebFetch tool summarised or lightly reworded the page and I did not independently confirm the exact sentence in raw text. **search excerpt** = from a search-engine summary; none used here since WebSearch's budget was exhausted before I started (see below). A search-excerpt-only number does not go in `category.json`.

**Tool availability**: WebSearch reported its session budget (200/200) was already used before my first query, so every source below was reached by direct `curl`/`WebFetch` on a known URL, by following links inside a fetched page, or via the NCBI `eutils` API (a public API, not a search engine, used to find PubMed IDs for the pheromone literature already named on the Wikipedia pages). I could not do open-ended discovery search for e.g. "other brands' bark collar spec pages" or "APDT/IAABC position statements" (petprofessionalguild.com returned HTTP 403 to WebFetch and has no Wayback snapshot of the Humane Hierarchy page I tried). I substituted AVSAB's position statement, which is a stronger single source (a veterinary scientific society citing dozens of primary studies) than PPG's page would have been, so the gap did not weaken the welfare judgement, but it means I have brand-spec coverage from only two correction-device brands (PetSafe, SportDOG) and did not cross-check a third.

## Seed

Seed run (recorded verbatim from the brief):
- Example: kitchen-knives `steel_hardness` — "a numeric spec that only makes sense as one side of a trade-off, and a visual grammar borrowed from the hobbyist community that puts the trade-off on one axis."
- Persona: "A textile conservator, who thinks in fibre, construction and how something ages."

1. The training-behavior equivalent of `steel_hardness` is the stimulation axis on correction devices: a numeric/categorical spec (how many correction levels, static vs. vibration vs. tone vs. spray) that only makes sense next to its trade-off, which is welfare and legality rather than knife toughness. Survived the data check and became split 2 (`correction_type`) plus the proposed "correction intensity scale" visual grammar, sourced to AVSAB's position statement and the Wikipedia shock-collar legal-status table rather than a hobbyist wiki, because no hobbyist community publishes the scale (there is no "r/dogtraining wiki chart" I could reach; PPG's page, which is the closest thing, 403'd).
2. The textile conservator would notice first that a compression wrap (ThunderShirt-style) is a worn, washed, stretched knit garment, not a one-time-use device, so its calming effect could plausibly fade as the elastic fatigues over a season of washing the way any compression garment loses recovery. This did **not** survive the data check: I found no brand spec, review, or study with a number for wash-cycle elastic fatigue on any calming wrap (ThunderShirt's own product page gives weight-based sizing only, no care/durability spec), so no facet was added for it. It is recorded here, dropped, rather than guessed into the register.

## Sources and what each supports

### Standards/welfare body and legal status

**AVSAB, Position Statement on Humane Dog Training, 2021 (PDF, downloaded and read with `pdftotext`)**
https://avsab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/AVSAB-Humane-Dog-Training-Position-Statement-2021.pdf
- verbatim: "Evidence supports the use of reward based methods for all canine training." "The application of aversive methods – which, by definition, rely on application of force, pain, or emotional or physical discomfort – should not be used in canine training or for the treatment of behavioral disorders."
- verbatim: "In observational studies, dogs trained with aversive methods or tools showed stress-related behaviors during training, including tense body, lower body posture, lip licking, tail lowering, lifting front leg, panting, yawning, and yelping."
- verbatim: "Survey studies have shown an association between the use of aversive training methods and long-term behavior problems including aggressive behavior towards people and other dogs, and anxiety-related behaviors."
- Supports: the definition of "aversive" used in the vocabulary; the welfare judgement; the reward-based vs. aversive framing behind `training_goal`'s "stop_unwanted_behavior" family and `correction_type`. Confidence high — this is a veterinary scientific society's cited, evidence-reviewed position, not an opinion blog.

**Wikipedia, Shock collar (fetched with `curl`, HTML tags stripped with a local `python3` script, grepped for exact sentences)**
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar
- verbatim legal-status table: "Australia ... Banned[73]" (ACT, NSW, SA); "Austria Banned"; "Belgium Flanders Banned 1 January 2027"; "Canada Quebec Banned 2014"; "Denmark Banned"; "Finland Banned"; "France Banned"; "Germany Banned"; "Iceland Banned 2011"; "Netherlands Banned 1 July 2020 Its use is subject to €20,000 fine and three-year prison sentence."; "Norway Banned"; "Slovenia Banned"; "Spain Banned 2022"; "Sweden Banned"; "Switzerland Partially banned Automatic anti-barking shock collars are banned."; "United Kingdom England Not banned Legislation to ban e-collars has been drafted, but as of October 2025 its passage into law is indefinitely delayed."; "Wales Banned"; "United States Permitted with state variation Animal welfare and cruelty statutes."
- verbatim: "These systems are illegal for use with pets in 14 countries, and discouraged under existing animal welfare laws in others, such as Scotland" (re: invisible/containment fences, out of this register's scope but the same underlying technology).
- verbatim: "Shock collars are used in dog training primarily within the framework of operant conditioning, in which behavior is modified ... either as a form of positive punishment ... or as a form of negative reinforcement."
- verbatim: "A 2004 study ... estimated commercial collars operated at ... a maximum setting of 80 milliamps" and "Christiansen et al. ... utilized shock collars ... reaching up to 400 milliamps" — not used as a product-facing number (no consumer listing states milliamps; brands state ordinal "levels" instead), kept here only as mechanism context.
- verbatim: "A 2014 study conducted at the University of Lincoln compared dogs trained using electronic collars, dogs trained with non-aversive methods, and a control group. The researchers found no significant improvement in obedience performance in the electronic collar group, while dogs exposed to shocks displayed more stress-related behaviors."
- verbatim citations present in the reference list (so these are real, checkable papers, not invented): Overall, K.L. (2007) "Why electric shock is not behavior modification," J Vet Behav 2(1):1-4; Ziv, G. (2017) "The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs — a review," J Vet Behav 19:50-60 / PLOS ONE 12(3):e0171963.
- Supports: the legal-status judgement and the by-country ban list; the operant-conditioning mechanism text; the "sources disagree" framing (both the Lincoln null-result and the broader welfare literature, against the fact that correction devices remain legal and sold in the US and widely used professionally). Confidence high for the table and the direct quotes; the milliamp figures are noted but not promoted into the JSON as a sourced fact because no consumer spec page expresses correction strength in milliamps.

### Mechanism primers

**Wikipedia, Clicker training**
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clicker_training
- verbatim: "Clicker training is a positive reinforcement animal training method based on a bridging stimulus (the clicker) in operant conditioning. The system uses conditioned reinforcers, which a trainer can deliver more quickly and more precisely than primary reinforcers such as food."
- verbatim: "the clicker helps the animal to quickly identify the precise behavior that results in the treat" and "Some approaches are: capturing ... shaping ... luring."
- verbatim: "the function of a secondary reinforcer such as a whistle or click" — i.e. a whistle is the same mechanism as a clicker.
- Supports: the marker-tool family description and the `marker_type` facet's framing that a clicker, an i-click button, and a whistle are mechanically interchangeable (so the facet is ergonomic preference, not a real behavior difference). Confidence high.

**Wikipedia, Dog appeasing pheromone**
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_appeasing_pheromone
- verbatim: "a mixture of esters of fatty acids released by the sebaceous glands in the inter-mammary sulcus of lactating female dogs"; "believed to be detected by the vomeronasal organ (Jacobson's organ)"; synthetic analogues "e.g. Adaptil."
- verbatim: "there is mixed evidence for the efficacy of synthetic DAP in reducing stress-related behaviours." "It has been found to be highly effective in fear behaviours relating to sound sensitivity and fear of noises (e.g. fireworks and thunder)." "A double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that newly adopted puppies aged 6 to 10 weeks cried less when exposed to synthetic DAP, but only in gun-dog breeds." "Synthetic DAP is ineffective for dogs housed in long-term kenneling facilities and does not reduce soiling behaviour in newly adopted puppies." "In 2014, a critical review of studies on the use of synthetic DAP in veterinary hospital wards concluded that there was 'little or no robust evidence' of it being effective in this environment."
- Named citations visible in the reference list: Pageat & Gaultier (2003) Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33(2):187-221; Denenberg & Landsberg (2008) JAVMA 233(12):1874-1882.
- Supports: the calming-aid mechanism text and the pheromone judgement (effective for specific, predictable stressors; not for chronic kenneling/soiling; a 2014 review found little evidence in hospital wards). Confidence high — this is the clearest "sources disagree" case in the register.

**Wikipedia, Feline facial pheromone (via WebFetch; fetched excerpt, not independently re-curled)**
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_facial_pheromone
- fetched excerpt: a pilot study of 45 households found aggressive tendencies decreased more with a real diffuser than a placebo; "the efficacy of pheromonatherapy is debated, and its effectiveness may depend on using the proper pheromone for the targeted behaviour."
- Supports only the general statement that the cat-side pheromone (Feliway) has the same "debated, context-dependent" shape as the dog-side one; not used for any number, since this is a fetched excerpt, not verbatim.

**Wikipedia, Separation anxiety in dogs (via WebFetch; fetched excerpt)**
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_anxiety_in_dogs
- fetched excerpt: a figure ("83 percent of dogs ... experienced reduced stress") was returned by the fetch tool. Not used anywhere in `category.json` — single source, fetched excerpt only, no independent confirmation — kept here only as a pointer for a future pass.

### Brand spec pages (read by `curl` + tag-stripping, two brands)

**PetSafe, Bark Collar (PBC00-16634)**
https://www.petsafe.com/p/bark-collar/PBC00-16634/
- verbatim: "The PetSafe® Bark Collar has 15 levels of static correction... the collar automatically finds the perfect setting." "The bark collar shuts off automatically after 80 seconds." "Pet Size 8 lbs & up"; "Recommended Pet Age 6 months & older"; "collar strap fits neck sizes up to 27 in"; "uses a 6-volt alkaline battery."
- Supports: `correction_levels` (15), `automatic_shutoff` (80 s, boolean true for this model), `min_rated_weight_lb` (8), `min_rated_age_months` (6), `power_source` (disposable battery on this model).

**PetSafe, Remote Trainer (PDT00-16030)**
https://www.petsafe.com/p/remote-trainer/PDT00-16030/
- verbatim: "Choose from 3 types of stimulation: audible tone, vibration or 15 levels of static." "Includes a safety lock feature so you won't unintentionally unlock the highest levels." "Remote and collar charge within 2 hours and last up to 40 hours." "Fits dogs 8 lb and up with neck sizes up to 27 inches; not for puppies under 6 months old." "Train 2 dogs with 1 remote with the purchase of an additional Add-A-Dog Receiver Collar." Ranges: "100 yard, 300 yard, 600 yard, 900 yard."
- Supports: `correction_type` values (static/vibration/tone all on one product, confirming they are alternatives, not separate device classes); `correction_trigger` = handheld_remote; `power_source` = rechargeable_internal on this model; the 8 lb / 6-month floor a second time, on a different product line, inside the same brand; a safety-lock feature noted in notes but not promoted to a facet (single product, thin evidence, see Trimmed detail).

**PetSafe, Spray Bark Collar (PBC00-16368)**
https://www.petsafe.com/p/spray-bark-collar/PBC00-16368/
- verbatim: "the dual detection technology in this collar must sense both vibration and sound before spraying." "Includes 1 spray cartridge of each scent, unscented and citronella." "Each replaceable, recyclable spray cartridge contains approximately 35 sprays." "Collar quickly recharges in just 2 hours ... and holds a charge for up to 40 hours." "Fits dogs 8 lb and up."
- Supports: `correction_type` = citronella_spray exists as a 4th value; `bark_detection_method` = dual_sensor (one brand, one model — see below); the 8 lb floor a third time. The "~35 sprays per cartridge" figure is single-source (this one product page) and is **not** put in the JSON as a number; kept here only as color for why a refill-cost derived metric is worth having even without a hard-coded constant.

**PetSafe, Collarless Ultrasonic Remote Trainer (PUPT-100-19)**
https://www.petsafe.com/p/collarless-ultrasonic-remote-trainer/PUPT-100-19/
- verbatim: "Stimulation Type Ultrasonic"; "Remote Range 30 feet"; "For dogs of any size" — explicitly no weight/age floor, because it is not worn and delivers no physical force.
- Supports: the contrast that `min_rated_weight_lb`/`min_rated_age_months` apply specifically to collar-worn correction devices, not to handheld/non-contact ones — this is the sentence the branch legs for those two facets trace to.

**SportDOG, NoBark SBC-8**
https://www.sportdog.com/p/nobark-sbc-8/SBC-8
- verbatim: "eight levels of Progressive Correction and our Silent Partner™ bark-detection technology." "The Progressive Correction starts at the lowest level ... and increases each time your dog barks within 30 seconds. After 30 seconds of quiet, the collar will reset back to the lowest level." "Automatic Shutoff Yes. Correction stops after 80 seconds." "Waterproof and submersible to 25 feet." "Dog Size For dogs 8 pounds or larger with neck sizes 5\" - 22\"." "Replaceable 6V battery (4L R44). Lasts 200 hours per battery."
- Supports: a second brand confirming `correction_levels` (8, the low end of the range), the 8 lb floor (third brand-independent confirmation, after PetSafe's two product lines), the 80-second automatic shutoff (independently matching PetSafe's own 80-second figure, which is why it is stated as a fact rather than a single-brand quirk), `power_source` = disposable on this model, and `bark_detection_method` = microphone/vibration ("Silent Partner" is described elsewhere on SportDOG's site as sound-based; this model's marketing name does not itself state dual-sensor, so it is recorded as the single-sensor/brand-named-tech case rather than assumed dual).

**ThunderShirt, ThunderShirt for Dogs**
https://thundershirt.com/products/thundershirt-for-dogs
- verbatim size chart: "XXS (Under 8 lbs) XS (8-14 lbs) S (15-25 lbs) M (26-40 lbs) L (41-64 lbs) XL (65-110 lbs) XXL (Over 110 lbs)."
- verbatim product-line names from the site's own navigation, confirming the delivery-form families: `thundershirt-for-dogs` / `thundershirt-breeze-for-dogs` (compression wrap), `thunderease-for-dogs-calming-collar` / `-calming-diffuser-kit` / `-calming-spray` (pheromone, three delivery forms under one brand), `thunderbites-...-calming-chews` (oral, out of scope per pets-standard's own comment).
- Supports: `calming_delivery_form`'s four values are real, co-sold product lines from one brand, not invented; the weight-band sizing is why this register does not add a new "pet weight" facet for wraps — it is already the shared `pets-standard` `sizing.suits_weight_range` field, not a category-specific fact.

## Data points used for derived metrics

Only one derived metric is in the register (`refill_cost_per_year`), and its formula uses facet/listing fields only (refill price, refill unit count, device price) with no invented constant. The one number I could have hard-coded — PetSafe's "approximately 35 sprays" per cartridge — is single-source (see above) and was deliberately left out of the formula and out of `category.json`; a backfill pass that wants a real "sprays per month" default would need a second brand's cartridge count first.

## Against the existing add-on schema

Add-on read: `supplies/pets/add-ons/training_behavior.jsonc` — currently just `pad_absorbency` (enum) and `sizing.pad_size` (string), composed with `pets-standard` (`animal_type`, `sizing.suits_weight_range`, `sizing.max_pet_weight`) and `supplies-standard` (`high_signal_markdown`, `sizing.size_stated/pack_count/pieces_included_text/dimensions/capacity/weight/measurements_text`). The add-on today covers housetraining pads only; it has no field for any of the other three mechanism families.

| Facet in this doc | In add-on today | Proposed kind under AGENTS.md | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| training_goal | no | vertical anchor (the structured fact this category is understood through) | Four values map to four product lines; almost always recoverable from the title/category breadcrumb itself, so source: listing. |
| correction_type | no | hard filter | Static vs. vibration vs. tone vs. spray is the one line many buyers refuse to cross; titles usually name it ("Spray Bark Collar", "Static Shock..."), so listing, but verify against the spec table since "Bark Collar" alone can hide which type. |
| correction_trigger | no | hard filter | Bark-sensor vs. handheld-remote is effectively the bark-collar-vs-remote-trainer product split; derivable from the product name/category almost always. |
| min_rated_weight_lb | no | hard filter | Only on brand spec tables ("Pet Size: 8 lbs & up"), not marketplace titles; researched, low backfill cost since both brands studied state it plainly. |
| min_rated_age_months | no | hard filter | Same table, same note as above; usually printed right next to the weight floor. |
| automatic_shutoff | no | hard filter (boolean) | A genuine safety feature (prevents an unattended, malfunctioning or over-triggered collar from correcting indefinitely); in brand bullet copy, not titles; researched, low cost. |
| correction_levels | no | category quality currency, but only within the correction-device family | Present on every correction-device spec table studied (8 to 15); would be noise on any other family in this category, so it is a family-scoped currency, not a whole-category one. |
| power_source | no | hard filter | "Rechargeable" vs. a named disposable battery is in bullet copy on both brands; listing, low cost. |
| bark_detection_method | no | high_signal_markdown | Only two data points (PetSafe's named "dual detection," SportDOG's named "Silent Partner" without a stated sensor count); not dense enough yet to be a clean enum column, better as a markdown line until more brands are read. |
| marker_type | no | noise | Ergonomic choice only (a clicker, an i-click button and a whistle are the same bridging-stimulus mechanism per the Clicker training source); do not add as a column. |
| calming_delivery_form | no | hard filter | Diffuser/collar/spray/compression-wrap are four genuinely different buying decisions (continuous-release consumable vs. one-time wearable); titles name the form reliably. |
| pad_absorbency | yes | keep as is | Already a clean enum; no change proposed. |
| pad_attractant | no | hard filter (boolean) | "With built-in attractant" is common bullet/title language; cheap to extract; low narrowing but near-zero cost, worth a column rather than markdown. |

Add-on fields this doc considers fine as-is: `pad_absorbency`, `sizing.pad_size`. Nothing in the current add-on is noise — it is simply incomplete, since it only ever described the pad family.

## Branches

Each leg names the sentence in the register or in these notes it follows from.

**Split 1, `training_goal`** ("Teach a new skill, stop a behavior, calm anxiety, or housetrain?")

- when `stop_unwanted_behavior`: then_ask `correction_type`, `correction_trigger`, `min_rated_weight_lb`, `min_rated_age_months`, `automatic_shutoff`, `correction_levels`, `power_source`; makes_irrelevant `marker_type`, `calming_delivery_form`, `pad_absorbency`, `pad_attractant`.
  - The seven `then_ask` facets are each defined in this register as properties of "correction/deterrent devices" specifically (see each facet's `definition`); the mechanism section calls this family out as the one built from "a static pulse, vibration, tone or citronella spray." The four `makes_irrelevant` facets are each defined as belonging to one of the other three families in `mechanism.families`.
- when `teach_new_behavior`: then_ask `marker_type`; makes_irrelevant everything else.
  - `marker_type`'s definition ties it to "a clicker, an i-click button, a whistle or a target stick" (the marker family); every other facet's definition names a different family.
- when `calm_anxiety`: then_ask `calming_delivery_form`; makes_irrelevant everything else.
  - Same reasoning, via `calming_delivery_form`'s definition and the calming-aid mechanism text.
- when `housetrain_puppy`: then_ask `pad_absorbency`, `pad_attractant`; makes_irrelevant everything else.
  - Same reasoning, via the housetraining-pad mechanism text.

**Split 2, `correction_type`** ("An electrical pulse, a vibration, a sound, or a scent spray?")

No `branches` entry. I considered gating `min_rated_weight_lb`/`min_rated_age_months`/`automatic_shutoff` under `static` specifically (the welfare-sensitive value), since that is where the AVSAB judgement bites hardest, but the sourced fact does not support it: PetSafe's Remote Trainer page states the same "8 lb and up ... not for puppies under 6 months" floor for the whole product regardless of which of its three stimulation types (tone, vibration, static) is selected. Gating the floor by `correction_type` value would misstate what the source says, so this split carries no branch; the welfare line lives in the trade-off and judgement text instead, not as a routing rule.

**Split 3, `correction_trigger`** ("You press a button, or it reacts to barking?")

- when `automatic_bark_sensor`: then_ask `bark_detection_method`.
  - `bark_detection_method`'s definition is "how the collar's own sensor decides a bark happened" — there is no sensor to describe on a handheld-remote product, where the human is the detector (PetSafe Remote Trainer page: the owner presses a button; no bark-detection language anywhere on that page, versus the Bark Collar and Spray Bark Collar pages, which both describe detection technology).
- when `handheld_remote`: makes_irrelevant `bark_detection_method`.
  - Same sentence, inverse direction.

Legs considered and dropped: a leg from `training_goal = stop_unwanted_behavior` to the welfare judgement itself was not written as a branch, because judgements are not facet ids and `then_ask`/`makes_irrelevant` can only name facets; the judgement is carried in prose (trade-off 1) instead, which is where the schema and the house rules put this kind of claim.

## Trimmed detail

- PetSafe Remote Trainer's "safety lock feature so you won't unintentionally unlock the highest levels" is a real, sourced safety feature, but it is single-product evidence (only seen on this one listing, not cross-checked against SportDOG's remote trainers) and did not get its own facet; it is folded into the plain language of `automatic_shutoff`'s `why_experts_care` as an example of the category's safety-feature pattern rather than its own boolean.
- The exact milliamp ranges from the Wikipedia shock-collar page (30-80 mA one study, up to 400 mA another) are real and verbatim but are not a number any consumer-facing spec page uses (brands state ordinal "levels," never milliamps), so they stay here as mechanism-level color rather than going into any facet's `range`.
- PetSafe Spray Bark Collar's "approximately 35 sprays" per cartridge: single-source, kept out of `category.json` per the two-source rule; would support a `refill_capacity` fact if a second spray-collar brand's cartridge count were read.
- Feline facial pheromone and separation-anxiety pages were read via WebFetch only (fetched excerpts); their numbers (the 45-household pilot study, "83 percent") are not in `category.json` for the same reason.

## Corrections

First pass, 2026-10-25. No prior run exists for this category (the output folder was empty before this session), so there is nothing to correct against; this section is here for a future blind-check pass to append to, per house convention.

## Corrections (2026-10-26)

- Removed `derived_metrics.refill_cost_per_year`: it depended on `refill_price`/`refill_life_months`, which exist nowhere as facets and could not be added (price is never a facet per house rule, and refill life has no second source).
- Added facet `water_resistance_rating` (ordinal) under the correction-device family, cited to all four correction-device brand pages (`petsafe_bark_collar`, `petsafe_remote_trainer`, `petsafe_spray_bark_collar`, `sportdog_nobark_sbc8`), confirmed by re-fetch; wired into `training_goal`'s branches.
- Added facet `remote_range_yards` (numeric, yd), gated under `correction_trigger = handheld_remote`, cited to `petsafe_remote_trainer` (100/300/600/900-yard tiers) and `caninejournal_best_training_collars` (range as a cross-brand comparison axis).
- Added facet `multi_dog_expandable` (boolean), gated under `correction_trigger = handheld_remote`, cited to `petsafe_remote_trainer` ("Add-A-Dog Receiver Collar") and `caninejournal_best_training_collars` ("expandable for up to 2 dogs" pro/con axis).
- Added evidence `fourpaws_weewee_insta_rise` to `pad_absorbency` and `pad_attractant`, both previously uncited; fetched and confirmed "Super Absorbent" in the product title and a verbatim "Targeted Attractant" bullet on the same listing.
- Added primary legal citation `wales_electronic_collars_regulations_2010` (The Animal Welfare (Electronic Collars) (Wales) Regulations 2010, fetched via Wayback snapshot of legislation.gov.uk after the live site's WAF blocked a direct curl) to `correction_type`'s evidence and to the reward-vs-aversive judgement, alongside the existing `wikipedia_shock_collar` tertiary cite.
- Worked "operant conditioning" into `correction_type.definition` and "progressive correction" into `correction_levels.why_experts_care`, so both previously orphaned vocabulary terms now appear in the facet text they gloss.