# Cocktail mixing tools: research notes

Date: 2026-10-25. Scope: the hand tools used to measure, mix, chill and strain a cocktail: shakers (two-tin Boston, tin-and-glass Boston, three-piece cobbler, Parisian), jiggers, cocktail strainers (Hawthorne, julep and the small cone-shaped fine strainer sold as a bar tool), mixing glasses and stirring tins, bar spoons, muddlers, and bar kits that bundle these pieces. Taxonomy path `supplies > kitchen > cocktail_mixing_tools`.

Not in scope, left to siblings in `supplies > kitchen` (catalog.json):
- Ice trays and ice-sphere molds go to `molds` (Molds, Ice Trays, Cutters & Stencils).
- Bottle openers, corkscrews, pour spouts, wine aerators and stoppers go to `bottle-wine-serving-tools` and `openers`. Spirit speed pourers and pour spouts: `bottle-wine-serving-tools/notes.md` claims these under `pourer or aerator` since its own 2026-10-25 blind check; this register's send-there is unchanged and the two files now agree.
- Ice buckets and chilling stones go to `beverage-chillers`.
- Standalone bar ice tongs and ice scoops are left to `bottle-wine-serving-tools`, the nearer serving-accessory sibling; `scoops/notes.md` offers this leaf as an alternate home, but this register does not claim them on their own (resolved 2026-10-25, after the blind check flagged the three-way orphan). Inside a bar kit they are counted only as filler, per the mechanism's bar-kit family and `kit_contents`.
- Kitchen measuring cups go to `measuring-cups`. Overlap: the OXO Mini Angled Measuring Cup is sold and reviewed as a jigger (ATK and Wirecutter both pick it). This register treats it as a jigger (`jigger_style: single cup`) when it is listed as barware; a plain kitchen measuring cup stays with the sibling.
- General kitchen sieves go to `strainers` (whose add-on already carries `mesh_fineness`). Overlap: the cocktail fine strainer is a small conical mesh sieve. Updated 2026-10-25: this register claims `strainer_type: fine mesh` when the title pairs mesh/strainer wording with a bar or cocktail word (cocktail, bar, Hawthorne, julep, Boston) or sells it alongside a Hawthorne or julep in a bar-tool set; a title with only generic or tea-strainer wording, with no bar/cocktail word, stays with the sibling. This register still does not define mesh grades, which the sibling owns.
- Citrus hand presses are recommended in every barware guide but are a juicer, not a mixing tool; left to whichever kitchen leaf holds presses (`mashers`: Mashers, Ricers, Presses & Mortars). Kits that include one are still kits here. `mashers/notes.md` bounces this back to this leaf; that ambiguity sits in a file outside this folder and was not edited. This register's side of the boundary is unchanged and final: a citrus press is a juicer, not a shaking, measuring, straining or stirring tool.

Quote labels: **verbatim** = the sentence in quotation marks was in text I read myself (curl plus HTML tag stripping, or pdftotext on a downloaded PDF); **fetched excerpt** = paraphrase of text I read; **search excerpt** = the claim came only from a search-engine summary. A search-excerpt-only number does not go in category.json.

## Seed

Seed output, verbatim:

```
=== Example entry (from an unrelated category) ===
category: olive-oil
what this shows: a facet that experts rank first, that almost no listing carries, and that is expensive to backfill. The honest answer is to list it, mark it researched, and limit backfill to the top of the catalog. Also shows a derived metric hanging off a researched facet.

<example>
{
  "id": "harvest_date",
  "label": "Harvest date",
  "definition": "The month and year the olives were picked, as opposed to the best-before date, which is set by the bottler and tells you nothing.",
  "why_experts_care": "Extra virgin oil is a fruit juice and loses the compounds that give it flavour and most of its claimed health effects within about 12 to 18 months of harvest. A bottle with a best-before two years out may already be a year old. People who buy well look for the harvest date and buy within a year of it.",
  "kind": "text",
  "roles": ["annotation", "sort_key"],
  "novice_answerable": false,
  "source": "researched",
  "listing_field_hint": "Rarely present. When it is, it is in a photo of the back label, not a field.",
  "backfill_cost": "high",
  "backfill_note": "Needs a label photo read or a producer page. Backfill the top 100 ranked oils and lazy-load the rest. Where the producer gives only a best-before, record it as unknown rather than guessing.",
  "visual": { "chartable": true, "encoding": "months since harvest on a horizontal scale, with the 12 and 18 month marks drawn" },
  "priority": { "narrows_set": 4, "cost_to_answer": 4 },
  "evidence": ["ucdavis_olive_center", "oliveoiltimes_freshness"]
}
</example>

Derived metric that follows from it:
{
  "id": "months_since_harvest",
  "label": "Months since harvest",
  "formula": "months_between(today, harvest_date)",
  "depends_on": ["harvest_date"],
  "unit": "months",
  "why": "The number a buyer actually needs. Under 12 is fresh. Over 18 and the oil is past the point most tasters would call it extra virgin."
}

=== Persona ===
A car mechanic, who thinks in wear, serviceability and what fails first

Ask yourself two things and write the answers under 'Seed' in notes.md:
  1. What is the cocktail-mixing-tools equivalent of the example above?
  2. What would this persona notice first about cocktail-mixing-tools that a typical buyer would not?
Keep what survives the data check. Drop the rest.
```

1. **The equivalent of harvest date is jigger accuracy: how much liquid a jigger actually holds at each of its lines.** No listing states it, only scale tests reveal it, and it is the thing the jigger exists for. A Bar Above weighed jiggers at each line and found most within about 10 percent but some lines 20 percent under and one promotional jigger 50 percent over (verbatim below). ATK weighed its test set with a lab scale and found "almost all the jiggers we tested were accurate at each of the volumes marked" (verbatim). So the facet is real, research-only and disputed in how much it matters. **Kept** as `jigger_accuracy` (researched, high backfill, top N only, from reviewer tests) with a derived `jigger_error_pct`, mirroring `months_since_harvest`. The percentages stay in these notes because only one source (a vendor) gives numbers.
2. **The mechanic notices what fails first and whether the part can be replaced.** What fails, from the reviewers: cobbler caps and tops that stick when cold and wet, or leak (ATK, Wirecutter, Macy); Hawthorne springs that are loose from the start or bend out of shape (Macy, Wirecutter); plating that wears or tarnishes, especially in a dishwasher (Cocktail Kingdom, Wirecutter); varnish or paint on muddlers and juicer cups that chips into the drink (Wirecutter); jigger markings that fade after washing (ATK); glass shaker halves that break (Wirecutter, ATK). What can be serviced: Cocktail Kingdom sells replacement Hawthorne coils (verbatim "Replacement coil for the Koriko® Cocktail Strainer"). **Kept**: the sticking problem in `shaker_style`; coil tightness and the replaceable coil in `hawthorne_coil`; plating wear and hand-wash-only in `finish`; varnish in `muddler_material`; fading lines inside `jigger_markings`. **Dropped**: a separate "cobbler closure" facet (screw-on versus slip-on tops; ATK preferred screw-on, verbatim below) because it has one source and narrows little; kept here as trimmed detail. Dropped: a "marking durability" facet (only ATK tested it, and only by washing 15 times); folded into `jigger_markings`.

## Sources and what each supports

### Regulators

**FDA Food Code 2022, Chapter 4 (PDF hosted by Champaign-Urbana Public Health District, read with pdftotext)**
https://www.c-uphd.org/documents/eh/2022-FDA-Food-Code-Chapter-4-Equipment-Utensils-and-Linens.pdf
- verbatim 4-101.14: "(A) Except as specified in ¶ (B) of this section, copper and copper alloys such as brass may not be used in contact with a FOOD that has a pH below 6 such as vinegar, fruit JUICE, or wine".
- verbatim 4-101.13: "(A) Ceramic, china, and crystal UTENSILS, and decorative UTENSILS such as hand painted ceramic or china that are used in contact with FOOD shall be lead-free or contain levels of lead not exceeding the limits of the following UTENSIL categories"; "(B) Pewter alloys containing lead in excess of 0.05% may not be used as a FOOD-CONTACT SURFACE."
- verbatim 4-101.11: materials "may not allow the migration of deleterious substances or impart colors, odors, or tastes to FOOD and under normal use conditions shall be: (A) Safe; (B) Durable, CORROSION-RESISTANT, and nonabsorbent; ... (E) Resistant to pitting, chipping, crazing, scratching, scoring, distortion, and decomposition."
- Supports: bare copper and brass must not hold citrus juice or wine (the pH below 6 line); crystal utensils must be lead-free or under limits; chipping finishes fail the general rule. The Food Code governs retail food establishments (bars), not home use; it is the governing standard experts and state regulators cite. Confidence high.

**Washington WAC 246-215-04115, "Multiuse—Copper, use limitation (FDA Food Code 4-101.14)"**
https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=246-215-04115
- verbatim: "copper and copper alloys such as brass may not be used in contact with a ... that has a pH below six such as vinegar, fruit" (tag stripping split the sentence at the defined term).
- Supports: second source for the pH-below-6 rule, and that states adopt it into law. Confidence high.

**Snopes on the Iowa copper-mug advisory** https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/moscow-mule-copper-poisoning/ (downloaded; not cited in JSON). The search excerpt said the 28 July 2017 Iowa Alcoholic Beverages Division bulletin restated the Food Code rule. I did not read the bulletin itself, so it is not cited.

### Specialist reviewers who test

**America's Test Kitchen, The Best Cocktail Shakers (2025)**
https://www.americastestkitchen.com/cooksillustrated/equipment_reviews/1723-cocktail-shakers
- verbatim: "A Boston shaker consists of two tumblers of slightly different sizes. The larger tumbler is always made of stainless steel, and the smaller one can either be stainless steel or glass."
- verbatim: "A cobbler shaker usually has three parts: a bottom half, a top half with a built-in strainer, and a cap that fits over the open strainer."
- verbatim: "A few of the models had strainer tops that were too loose, causing the shakers to leak or break apart during use. But most cobblers had the opposite problem: Their parts fit together too tightly, making them harder to open, especially after we'd shaken drinks and the cobblers were cold and wet."
- verbatim: "the strainer holes are typically quite large, so you'll still need a separate" [fine strainer].
- verbatim: "Used correctly, Boston shakers form leakproof seals more quickly and more reliably than most cobbler shakers and are easier to unseal as well."; "we've recommended every Boston shaker we've ever tested."
- verbatim: "we preferred those with slightly larger capacities of 24 ounces or more." (single source; not in JSON)
- verbatim: "The bottom half of any shaker should be fairly wide across the top—at least 3 inches in diameter." (single source; not in JSON)
- verbatim: "we preferred those that had tops that screwed onto the bottom halves" (cobblers; single source; trimmed).
- verbatim: "we slightly prefer Boston shakers that have a glass top half and a metal bottom ... there is some risk that the glass half can break if you drop it. But we found that the weight of the glass half helped it sink into the metal half a bit more readily, making for a tighter, more failproof seal."
- verbatim (Insulated Shakers): "they're less effective at chilling and diluting your drinks ... it takes a lot longer and a lot more work to chill a drink in an insulated shaker. In addition, it's harder to tell when your drink is properly chilled".
- verbatim (Usagi cobbler): "its top and strainer cap fit too tightly, especially after long shakes made the thin stainless-steel parts chill and contract ... (On one testing copy, the strainer cap went on and never came off.)"
- Spec rows read: capacities of tested shakers 19 to 29.5 oz.
- **Correction (2026-10-25 blind check):** three models are insulated, not two. verbatim, Elevated Craft Hybrid: "The shaker is insulated ... you'll need to shake and stir longer." verbatim, YETI Rambler 20oz: "drinks come out stronger than you might expect." verbatim, OXO Steel Press & Pour: "The small insulated base ... inhibited ice from melting inside." These three quotes come from the blind checker's direct read of the page (curl, tag-stripped), recorded here rather than re-fetched, since this agent's own re-fetch of the same page returned inconsistent quotes and an unverified fourth model across two attempts.
- Supports: shaker style definitions; cobbler failure modes; Boston reliability; the glass-half preference (disagreement); insulated shakers chill and dilute slower. Confidence high.

**America's Test Kitchen, The Best Jiggers (26 November 2025)**
https://www.americastestkitchen.com/equipment_reviews/2027-jiggers
- verbatim: "Conventional jiggers are roughly hourglass- or bow tie–shaped, with one end designed to measure a larger volume (often 1.5 or 2 ounces) and the other to measure a slightly smaller one (often 1 ounce)." "Japanese-style jiggers are also double-ended, but the shape of each end is slightly different: long and thin as opposed to squat".
- verbatim: "While conventional and Japanese-style double-ended jiggers are the norm in professional bars, they're harder for home bartenders (especially novices) to use due to their smaller openings and often minimal (or nonexistent) measurement markings."
- verbatim: "In our testing, almost all the jiggers we tested were accurate at each of the volumes marked." Test: "Evaluate accuracy at each measurement line with a lab-grade digital scale".
- verbatim: "most measurement markings will fade over time and repeated washing, especially if you run your jiggers through a dishwasher regularly."
- verbatim: "We preferred models with mouths measuring at least 2 inches across." "Jiggers with openings measuring 1.6 inches across or less made for small targets" (single source; not in JSON).
- verbatim: the OXO plastic cup "also has volume lines for tablespoons, fractions of a cup, and milliliters"; the steel version's "measurement lines are restricted to ounces and tablespoons."
- Supports: jigger styles; home versus pro preference; accuracy mostly fine in ATK's set (disagreement with A Bar Above); markings and fading; ml markings vary by model. Confidence high.

**Wirecutter, The Best Barware for Making Cocktails at Home (updated 10 December 2024; read from the Internet Archive snapshot of 28 December 2025 because the live page returned 403)**
https://web.archive.org/web/20251228110433/https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-barware-for-making-cocktails-at-home/
- verbatim: "Though it might seem more convenient to buy all-inclusive bar-tool sets, the majority tend to be cheaply made or designed more for their looks than for functionality."
- verbatim: "For home use, we recommend cobbler-style shakers ... because they're easier to hold and shake." "That said, cobbler shakers have a tendency to leak. Several of our experts also said their lids often get stuck".
- verbatim: "Regardless of which style you get, the experts we spoke with recommended getting a shaker with a 28-ounce capacity, because it's just the right size for making two drinks."
- verbatim: "But shaking with glass can be dangerous, particularly if your hands are wet and slippery. Leave the glass tumblers to the pros."
- verbatim: "Just remember that copper tarnishes easily ... and the plating is generally a little less durable than stainless steel."
- **Correction (2026-10-25 blind check):** "The small tin of the Koriko shaker sits higher in the large tin ... and this makes the Koriko set feel more balanced" (per the blind checker's direct read; not fetched again here). That credits tin-height contrast, not the weighted base, for the Koriko pair's balance, so `tin_weighting.why_experts_care` no longer attributes balance to Wirecutter; stability is now credited to Cocktail Kingdom's own stability claim instead.
- verbatim: "Unlike traditional jiggers (which come in only 1-and-2-ounce and ½-and-¾-ounce measures), the OXO measures ¼, ½, 1, 1½, and 2 ounces." "The one drawback to this cup is that it lacks the common ¾-ounce measure".
- verbatim: jigger "should have clearly labeled measurement markings and a wide opening that's easy to pour into."
- verbatim: "Most of the experts we spoke with recommend a Hawthorne strainer"; "Since a julep strainer doesn't perform any better than a Hawthorne strainer, we don't recommend getting one". The OXO Hawthorne's coils were tight "especially compared with others we tested that were thin and flimsy, and easily bent out of shape."
- verbatim: julep strainer finishes "gold, silver, copper, and gunmetal black (note: only the stainless steel version is dishwasher-safe)."
- verbatim: "We found that 550 mL (18.59 ounces) was the appropriate volume for making two drinks."; "A mixing glass with straight sides, a heavy base, and a pour spout is far easier to use".
- verbatim: bar spoons "made of one continuous piece of metal, because they tend to be more durable and less likely to fall apart than those with the bowl welded to the handle." "we think the 30-centimeter spoon (11.8 inches) is the appropriate size for home use."
- verbatim: "most of the pros we spoke with recommend getting a wood muddler free of varnish, lacquer, or paint that could chip into a drink." "In our research we found that 11 to 12 inches is generally a good length." Chris Tunstall: "Nearly all muddlers on the market are around 8 inches, which is fine if you're muddling in a short glass. But if you muddle in your shaker, you run the risk of accidentally smashing your fingers". "Having spikes can result in over-muddling herbs like mint, resulting in a bitter cocktail".
- Supports: kits; cobbler versus Boston for home (disagreement with ATK and Macy on the beginner pick); 28 oz; glass danger; plating; jigger sizes and markings; Hawthorne preference and coil quality; plated strainers not dishwasher-safe; mixing glass 550 ml; bar spoon 30 cm and one-piece; muddler material, length, head. Confidence high.

**A Bar Above, How Accurate are Your Cocktail Jiggers? (2014 test, 2023 update; the author sells jiggers)**
https://abarabove.com/jiggers-tested/
- verbatim: "1 fl. oz. of water weighs 1.043 oz. on a scale."
- verbatim: one Japanese-style jigger: at 1.00 fl oz "an under pour or around 10 %"; at 1.50 "an over-pour of 10%".
- verbatim: OXO mini cup: ".25 fl. oz.: ... an under-pour of 20%"; ".50 fl. oz.: ... once again, a 20% under pour."
- verbatim: a promotional jigger: ".50 fl. oz.: The actual measure turned out to be .75 av. oz.-- a full 50% over!"
- verbatim (comment reply from the author): "for the most part the jiggers were only off by about 10%, but there were a few that were considerably off their mark."
- Supports: jigger accuracy varies and only a scale reveals it. Numbers single-source and from a vendor; kept here, not in JSON. Disagrees with ATK on how common the errors are. Confidence medium.

### Practitioners and primers

**Tom Macy (Clover Club bartender), Social Hour Cocktails: Shakers**
https://www.tommacy.com/shakers
- verbatim: "I personally prefer using a two-piece, as do the majority bartenders, while the common choice at home is a three piece."
- verbatim: "I prefer an 18 and 28 ounce combination, or something similar. The more contrast in size between the two halves, the smaller the shaker will be when it's sealed".
- verbatim: "Tin on tin forms a tighter seal that is also easier to break. Breaking the seal with a pint glass requires more force."
- verbatim: Parisian "also called a French shaker, is less common in the U.S."; its halves "fit snuggly into one another" rather than being wedged.
- verbatim: three-piece drawbacks: "they generally hold a smaller volume than a 2-piece"; "the built-in strainer is quite narrow so it strains slowly"; "both the cap piece and the larger top piece frequently get stuck".
- verbatim: "If you are in the market for 3-piece shaker, I'd go for a larger one, 28 ounces or so".
- Supports: two-piece preference, 18 plus 28 oz tins, tin-on-tin seal, Parisian rarity, cobbler capacity. Confidence high.

**Tom Macy, Jiggers** https://www.tommacy.com/jiggers
- verbatim: "The bar industry generally uses just two: a 2 oz/1 oz jigger and ¾ oz /½ oz jigger. ... These four measurements will cover the majority of ingredient quantities that you'll encounter."
- verbatim: "Just make sure to get one with all the measurements you need, particularly the smaller ones like ¾ oz and ½ oz (sometimes those are omitted)."
- verbatim: Japanese style: "The narrower cones make it easier to see the jigger filling up, so there's less risk of overflowing and you can be more accurate."
- verbatim: "All the recipes on Social Hour are in ounces because that's what we still use in the United States".
- Supports: the four standard volumes; check for ¾ and ½ lines; recipes in the US are in ounces. Confidence high.

**Tom Macy, Strainers** https://www.tommacy.com/strainers
- verbatim: "If you only have one strainer, make it a Hawthorne. Its slinky-like coil allows it to conform to a variety of different sized mixing vessels".
- verbatim: "Be sure to get one with a tightly wound spring. ... some of the cheaper options out there have gaps between the coils almost a centimeter wide, which kind of defeats the purpose." (1 cm single source; not in JSON)
- verbatim: one recommended Hawthorne "is too wide to fit on pint mixing glass"; "many Hawthorne strainers can be used with both. The width of their spring just needs to be narrow enough to fit into standard pint and other mixing glasses."
- verbatim: julep strainers "can only be used with smaller mixing vessels; in larger ones they'll fall right in."
- verbatim: the gate: "with a closed gate, the spring is tightened, so the cocktail flows out more slowly and is more finely strained."
- verbatim: fine strainer "is basically a small chinois, that's used in addition to another strainer for extra 'straining insurance', but not by itself."
- Supports: Hawthorne first; coil tightness; vessel fit; julep limits; fine strainer as an add-on. Confidence high.

**Tom Macy, Straining** https://www.tommacy.com/straining
- verbatim: "Straining with a Fine Strainer (aka Double Straining)"; "A fine strainer is used as a second strainer for straining 'insurance', typically in conjunction with Hawthorne strainers and shaken cocktails"; "Hold it over the glass and pour the cocktail through to strain it a second time."
- verbatim: "Egg white cocktails are all about the frothy texture, which is diminished when they're run through a fine strainer. Simply closing the gate preserves the froth".
- Supports: the fine strainer sits over the drinking glass, not in a tin or mixing-glass rim; the gate. Confidence high.

**Tom Macy, Tools** https://www.tommacy.com/tools
- verbatim: "I prefer muddlers on the longer side, 10 inches or so".
- verbatim: cocktail sets "are often missing essential tools - like a muddler or shaker - and include extraneous ones, like ice tongs or a bottle opener."
- verbatim: "Aesthetics are certainly nice, but they are the primary driver of a bar tool's price. Functionality is the key."
- Supports: muddler length; kits carry filler. Confidence high.

**Difford's Guide, Shaking cocktails: advanced tips, myths and lessons (Simon Difford)**
https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/591/cocktails/advanced-cocktail-shaking-tips-myths-and-lessons
- verbatim: "Stainless steel heats up and cools down quickly, and in doing so uses minimal energy, so having little effect on the temperature of the finished cocktail. In contrast, heavy boston glasses have more thermal mass, so absorb more energy from the drink being shaken. So steer clear of glass and use all stainless steel 'tin and tin' shakers."
- verbatim: Arnold's experiments: "as long as you shake vigorously for 12 seconds, you'll produce a drink between -5°C/23°F and -8°C/18°F (differences mostly dependent on construction of shaker, its temperature and alcohol strength of cocktail) with very much the same dilution." (single source for the numbers; mechanism text in JSON carries no number)
- verbatim: "A drink shaken with dry surface ice ... will gain around 20% dilution". (single source; not in JSON)
- Supports: tin-on-tin over glass on thermal grounds; shaker construction affects final temperature at the margin. Confidence high.

**SevenFifty Daily, The Science of Ice in Cocktails**
https://daily.sevenfifty.com/the-science-of-ice-in-cocktails/
- verbatim: "Dave Arnold dubs it the Fundamental Law of Traditional Cocktails: 'There is no chilling without dilution, and there is no dilution without chilling.'"
- Supports: the mechanism sentence. Confidence high (Difford's describes the same research).

**Wikipedia, Cocktail shaker** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocktail_shaker
- verbatim: Boston "consisting of a 28 imp fl oz (800 ml) metal bottom"; "The Parisian or French Shaker: A two-piece shaker consisting of a metal bottom and a metal cap. A strainer is always required for this type of shaker".
- Supports: shaker family definitions; 28 oz large tin. Confidence medium (Wikipedia).

**Wikipedia, Muddler** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muddler
- verbatim: "The tool is shaped like a small baseball bat and must be long enough to touch the bottom of the glass being used."
- Supports: length rule. Confidence medium.

**Wikipedia, Cocktail strainer** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocktail_strainer
- verbatim: the Hawthorne's spring "fixed around the edge of the rim rolls inward to fit inside the glass"; julep: "will fit tightly into a mixing glass or shaker when inserted at the proper angle."
- Supports: strainer definitions. Confidence medium.

### Brand spec sheets (Cocktail Kingdom is the trade's reference supplier; Tom Macy: "extremely pervasive throughout the cocktail industry")

**Koriko Large Weighted Shaking Tin, copper-plated, 28oz (830ml)** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/koriko-large-weighted-shaking-tin-copper-plated-28oz-830ml
- verbatim: "The weighted base increases tin stability for easier pouring with no spills."; "Stainless steel with copper plating. Plated barware is not dishwasher safe."; "Includes: 1 Large Weighted Shaking Tin (28oz / 830ml)".
**Koriko Small Weighted Shaking Tin, 18oz (532ml)** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/koriko-small-weighted-shaking-tin-stainless-steel-18oz-532ml
- verbatim: "Includes: 1 Small Weighted Shaking Tin (18oz / 532ml)".
**Cocktail Kingdom FAQ** https://cocktailkingdom.com/pages/faq
- verbatim: "Most of our Stainless Steel products are dishwasher safe. ... Please note, any plated items are not recommended for dishwashers and should be handled with care."
**Koriko Hawthorne Strainer** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/koriko-hawthorne-strainer-stainless-steel
- verbatim: "Features a wide body for stable fit and a tight coil for thorough straining"; "Fits Koriko® and Leopold® shaking tins, as well as all sizes of our mixing glasses"; "Heavy duty 18/8 stainless steel construction".
**Koriko Hawthorne replacement coil** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/koriko-hawthorne-strainer-replacement-coil-stainless-steel-pack-of-2
- verbatim: "Replacement coil for the Koriko® Cocktail Strainer and 2-Prong Cocktail Strainer"; "Pack of 2"; "18/8 stainless steel".
**Japanese Style Jigger 25ml/50ml** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/japanese-style-jigger-25ml-50ml-stainless-steel
- verbatim: "25ml and 50ml capacity to the top, with 15ml and 35ml interior markings"; "18/8 stainless steel with brushed finish". The same search lists a 20ml/40ml SKU (product name only).
**Japanese Style Jigger 1oz/2oz, copper-plated** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/japanese-style-jigger-1oz-2oz-copper-plated
- verbatim: "1oz (30ml) and 2oz (60ml) measurements to top"; "Interior markings for ½oz (15ml), ¾oz (22ml), and 1 ½oz (45ml)"; "18/8 stainless steel. Plated barware is not dishwasher safe."
**Yarai Mixing Glass, Seamless, 550ml (19oz)** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/yarai-mixing-glass-seamless-550ml-19oz
- verbatim: "hand blown to provide an elegant silent stir, while still durable enough to survive the dishwasher."; "Recommended pairing with our 30cm range of barspoons"; "Fits all Julep, Antique, Koriko®, and Buswell® strainers"; "1-2 drink capacity [13cm height x 9cm diameter]".
**Yarai Mixing Glass 500ml (17oz)** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/yarai-mixing-glass-500ml-17oz
- verbatim: "dishwasher safe and known as a heavy-duty workhorse in the bar industry"; "1-2 drink capacity [13cm height x 9cm diameter]". Search page lists 675 ml and 800 ml glasses (product names).
**Natural Wood Muddler** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/natural-wood-muddler-wood
- verbatim: "Non-treated, non-varnished, smooth wood"; "9.75in (24.8cm) length"; "Not dishwasher safe".
**Bad Ass Muddler** https://cocktailkingdom.com/products/bad-ass-muddler-food-grade-plastic
- verbatim: "heavy duty food grade plastic"; "Dishwasher safe"; "9.75in (25cm) long".
- What the brand pages list, in order: capacity in oz and ml (in the product name), finish (in the name), material grade (18/8), what it fits (strainers, tins, spoons), interior markings, dishwasher safety, dimensions. Fit and dishwasher safety are the fields marketplaces omit.

**BarBits 28oz Copper Plated Boston Shaker Tin (UK retailer's own brand)** https://barbits.co.uk/products/barbits-copper-boston-shaker-tin-28oz
- verbatim: "Featuring a polished copper exterior and silver interior"; "Colour: Copper Outside - Silver Inside"; "Dishwasher safe for easy cleaning."
- Supports: copper-plated tins can be stainless on the inside, so the drink never touches copper; and brands disagree on dishwasher safety of plating (Cocktail Kingdom says no). Confidence medium.

### Retail listings (what data is present)

**Amazon, WALDOR 18oz cobbler, copper-plated (B0CN75K6XD)** https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CN75K6XD
- verbatim title: "Cocktail Shaker Cocktail Shaker with Built-in Filter Stainless Steel Bartender Tool 18oz Bar Shaker ... (Color : Copper Plated)". Structured rows: "Material Copper, Stainless Steel"; "Shape Conical"; "Finish Type Polished". No capacity row, no dishwasher row, no interior-material row.
**Amazon search result pages, 25 October 2026** (https://www.amazon.com/s?k=boston+shaker+tins, japanese+jigger, hawthorne+strainer, mixing+glass, muddler)
- verbatim titles: "WOTOR Boston Cocktail Shaker Set, 18 oz & 28 oz Stainless Steel Weighted Shaker Tins"; "A Bar Above Boston Cocktail Shaker Set, Weighted and Unweighted, 18 Oz"; "Boston Shaker Set, 18oz & 28oz 2-Piece Tins, Professional 304 Stainless Steel Cocktail Shaker with Leak-Proof Weighted Base"; "A Bar Above Japanese Style Jigger, 10 Measurements, Stainless Steel"; "A Bar Above Premium Japanese Jigger, with 8 Measurements Inside"; "Hawthorne Strainer: Stainless Steel Cocktail Strainer"; "A Bar Above Premium Hawthorne Strainer, Stainless Steel High Density Spring"; "Hiware Professional 24 Oz Cocktail Mixing Glass, Thick Bottom Seamless Crystal Mixing Glass"; "Cocktail Mixing Glass 24oz/700ml, Lead-Free Crystal Bar Mixing Beaker"; "Ohtomber 8" Stainless Steel Muddler"; "Nylon Head, Won't Scratch Glass"; "Big-Shot 13.75 Inch Wooden Muddler".
- What this tells the scraper: titles reliably carry tool type, shaker style words ("Boston", "built-in strainer"/"filter"), capacity in oz, "weighted", jigger style ("Japanese") and a count of measurements, strainer type, mixing-glass capacity and "lead-free crystal" or "seamless", muddler length and head material. Titles do not carry which lines a jigger has, coil tightness, what a strainer fits, interior material of plated pieces, or dishwasher safety; those sit on brand pages.

### Could not reach
- Serious Eats (all barware pages returned HTTP 402).
- The live Wirecutter page (403); the archive snapshot was used.
- legislation.gov.uk for the UK spirit-measures order (202 bot wall, no archive copy). The metric-jigger facet therefore rests on Cocktail Kingdom selling separate ml SKUs and on ATK noting which cups carry ml lines, not on the UK law.
- The web-search budget ran out partway through; later sources were reached by known URLs only.

## Data points used for derived metrics

| Item | Source | Marked sizes | Interior lines | Standard volumes covered (½, ¾, 1, 2 oz) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK Japanese jigger 1oz/2oz | CK page | 1, 2 oz | ½, ¾, 1½ oz | 4 of 4 |
| CK Heavyweight Koriko jigger 1oz/2oz | CK page | 1, 2 oz | ½, ¾, 1½ oz | 4 of 4 |
| OXO Mini Angled Measuring Cup | Wirecutter | (single cup) | ¼, ½, 1, 1½, 2 oz; no ¾ | 3 of 4 |
| Traditional pair | Wirecutter, Macy | 1/2 oz and ½/¾ oz | none needed | 4 of 4 (two jiggers) |
| CK Japanese jigger 25ml/50ml | CK page | 25, 50 ml | 15, 35 ml | metric set; not comparable |

`standard_volumes_covered` counts Macy's four ("2 oz/1 oz jigger and ¾ oz /½ oz jigger ... These four measurements will cover the majority"). Wirecutter names the same four as the traditional sizes. No constant is invented: the metric is a count.

`jigger_error_pct` = (measured − marked) / marked × 100, where measured is the volume a scale test reports at the line. Example from A Bar Above: a promotional jigger's ½ oz line held 0.75 oz, so +50 percent. The example is single-source and stays here.

`kit_core_coverage` counts whether a kit includes a shaker, a jigger and, where the shaker is two-piece, a strainer. Wirecutter: "we recommend starting with the basics: a cocktail shaker and a jigger" and "If you want to use a Boston-style shaker or a mixing glass, you'll need to get a strainer". Macy: kits are "often missing essential tools".

## Against the existing add-on schema

The add-on `supplies/kitchen/add-ons/cocktail_mixing_tool.jsonc` is empty (`{}`). The leaf inherits kitchen-standard (`materials[]` with roles, `max_heat_temp`, `dishwasher_safe`) and supplies-standard (`high_signal_markdown`, `sizing` with `size_stated`, `pack_count`, `pieces_included_text`, `dimensions`, `capacity`, `weight`). Kinds follow AGENTS.md: vertical anchor, quality currency, hard filter, sizing, or markdown.

| Facet in this register | In schemas today | Proposed kind under AGENTS.md | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| tool_type | no | hard filter (enum) | Proposal: `tool_type` enum [shaker, jigger, strainer, mixing_glass, bar_spoon, muddler, bar_kit, other]. The leaf bundles six tools with different facets, so every row needs this first. Title text, cheap to augment. |
| shaker_style | no | hard filter (enum) | Proposal: `shaker_style` enum [tin_on_tin, tin_on_glass, cobbler, parisian, not_applicable]. Text says it ("Boston", "built-in strainer"); a photo half-answers it (a cobbler is visible, tin-on-tin versus tin-on-glass often is), so keep it because buyers filter on it and titles state it. |
| measure_units | no | hard filter (enum) | Proposal: `measure_units` enum [us_oz, metric_ml, both, not_applicable]. Same pattern as the measuring-cup sibling's `units_marked`; reuse that field name and enum if the schema owners prefer one vocabulary across both leaves. |
| strainer_type | no | hard filter (enum) | Proposal: `strainer_type` enum [hawthorne, julep, fine_mesh, not_applicable]. The strainers sibling's `mesh_fineness` does not cover this. |
| shaker_capacity_oz | partly: `sizing.capacity` | sizing | Already there. For two-tin sets the listing gives two sizes (18 and 28 oz); store the large tin in `capacity` and the pair in `size_stated`. Varies by variant, so it belongs in sizing. |
| mixing_glass_capacity_ml | partly: `sizing.capacity` | sizing | Same field as shaker capacity; no new field. |
| muddler_length_in, bar_spoon_length_cm | partly: `sizing.dimensions.length` | sizing | Bought by number (a 30 cm spoon, a 10 in muddler), so the length passes the AGENTS.md sizing test for these two tools only. |
| finish | partly: `materials[]` with role `coating` or `exterior_surface` | vertical anchor (existing) | Plating is already expressible as stainless_steel(body) + copper(coating). The visible colour is photo material. What text adds is interior material and hand-wash-only, which `materials[]` (role `interior_surface`) and `dishwasher_safe` already hold. No new field. |
| dishwasher-safe (inside `finish`) | yes: `dishwasher_safe` | hard filter (existing) | Keep. Brand pages carry it; marketplace rows usually do not. |
| insulated_wall | no | high_signal_markdown | One reviewer measured the effect; few products. A markdown line ("double-wall insulated: chills slower") is enough. |
| tin_weighting | no | high_signal_markdown | In titles as "weighted"; matters to feel more than outcome. Markdown, not a column. |
| jigger_style | no | hard filter (enum) | Proposal: `jigger_style` enum [japanese_double, bell_or_standard_double, single_cup, other]. The home-versus-pro divide in both reviewers' picks. Photo half-answers it; titles say "Japanese style". Borderline under rule 1; keep because ATK's recommendation turns on it. |
| jigger_markings | no | high_signal_markdown | The list of interior lines ("½, ¾, 1½ oz") is on brand pages. Markdown, since the ranker reads it and a structured list adds little. |
| jigger_accuracy | no | outside schema (reviewer data) | Only scale tests produce it. Top N via reviews. |
| hawthorne_coil | no | high_signal_markdown | "Tight coil", "high density spring" in titles and brand bullets; replaceable coil is a brand-page fact. |
| vessel_fit | no | high_signal_markdown | Brand pages say what fits ("Fits Koriko and Leopold tins, all mixing glasses"). A free-text compat line; too varied for an enum. |
| muddler_head, muddler_material | partly: `materials[]` with role `working_head` | vertical anchor (existing) | Material is already expressible (wood, plastic, nylon as working_head). Varnished versus unfinished is not in the enum; put "unvarnished" in markdown. Flat versus toothed head is a photo fact (rule 1). |
| kit_contents | yes: `sizing.pieces_included_text`, `sizing.pack_count` | sizing (existing) | Keep. `kit_core_coverage` is derived from it at query time. |
| food-contact safety (judgements) | no | high_signal_markdown | "Lead-free crystal", "stainless interior", "unvarnished" are the text signals. Certifications are cut under rule 5; these are material facts, not certificates. |

Fields this register considers noise for this leaf: `max_heat_temp` (no cocktail tool is heated in use; the only heat it meets is a dishwasher, which `dishwasher_safe` covers); `sizing.weight` for everything except as a markdown note on weighted tins (a photo and the word "weighted" carry it); `sizing.dimensions.width/height/depth` for shakers and strainers (capacity is the bought-by number, and fit is a compat statement, not a dimension a buyer types).

## Branches

Each leg names the sentence it follows from. `when` values are the split facet's own values.

**Split 1, tool_type ("Shaker, jigger, strainer, mixing glass, bar spoon, muddler, or bar kit?")**. Answers are the facet's values word for word.

- when `shaker`: then_ask shaker_style, shaker_capacity_oz, insulated_wall; makes_irrelevant measure_units, strainer_type, jigger_style, jigger_markings, hawthorne_coil, muddler_head.
  - then_ask: these three facets' definitions are about shakers ("How the shaker closes and strains", "The volume of the shaker's larger half", "Whether the shaker has a double, vacuum-insulated wall").
  - makes_irrelevant: each named facet's definition is about another tool (measure_units: "the units a jigger's lines are marked in"; strainer_type and hawthorne_coil: strainers; jigger_style and jigger_markings: jiggers; muddler_head: muddlers). A shaker has none of these.
- when `jigger`: then_ask measure_units, jigger_style, jigger_markings; makes_irrelevant shaker_style, strainer_type, insulated_wall, tin_weighting.
  - then_ask: definitions name the jigger. makes_irrelevant: definitions name shakers or strainers.
- when `strainer`: then_ask strainer_type, vessel_fit; makes_irrelevant shaker_style, measure_units, jigger_style.
  - vessel_fit: "A strainer is only as good as its fit to the rim it sits in" (vessel_fit, why experts care) and Macy's "too wide to fit on pint mixing glass" (verbatim above).
- when `mixing glass`: then_ask mixing_glass_capacity_ml, vessel_fit; makes_irrelevant shaker_style, measure_units, strainer_type.
  - vessel_fit: Cocktail Kingdom's glass page lists the strainers that fit ("Fits all Julep, Antique, Koriko®, and Buswell® strainers", verbatim); vessel_fit's definition covers the glass side of the pair.
  - **Correction (2026-10-25 blind check):** `strainer_type` is no longer `makes_irrelevant` here. The same CK sentence states fit by strainer type, so a mixing-glass buyer still needs to know which types fit, not just the fine-grained brand match that vessel_fit gives; only `shaker_style` and `measure_units` stay irrelevant for this branch.
- when `bar spoon`: then_ask bar_spoon_length_cm; makes_irrelevant shaker_style, measure_units, strainer_type.
  - "The spoon has to reach the bottom of the glass or tin it stirs in" (bar_spoon_length_cm, why experts care).
- when `muddler`: then_ask muddler_material, muddler_head, muddler_length_in; makes_irrelevant shaker_style, measure_units, strainer_type.
  - All three facets' definitions name the muddler.
- when `bar kit`: then_ask kit_contents, shaker_style, measure_units.
  - kit_contents: "reviewers say most kits are built for looks, carry filler and miss essentials" (kit_contents, why experts care). shaker_style and measure_units: a kit's shaker and jigger carry those facets (their definitions), and kit_core_coverage depends on whether the shaker is two-piece (formula).
  - Nothing is made irrelevant: a kit can hold any tool.

**Split 2, shaker_style ("Two tins, tin and glass, or three-piece with built-in strainer?")**. Answer rule: "two tins" → `tin-on-tin`; "tin and glass" → `tin-on-glass`; "three-piece with built-in strainer" → `cobbler`. `Parisian` is not offered (Macy: "less common in the U.S."); a buyer who names it gets it. **Corrected 2026-10-25:** removed `skip_if_known: "owns a Hawthorne strainer"`. Owning a Hawthorne says nothing about tin versus glass versus cobbler; at most it removes a cobbler's built-in-strainer advantage, which is not what this question asks.

- when `cobbler`: then_ask shaker_capacity_oz; makes_irrelevant tin_weighting.
  - shaker_capacity_oz: Macy "they generally hold a smaller volume than a 2-piece" and "If you are in the market for 3-piece shaker, I'd go for a larger one, 28 ounces or so" (verbatim above), carried in the register as "Three-piece shakers often hold less, so check capacity" (shaker_capacity_oz, why experts care).
  - tin_weighting irrelevant: its definition is "Whether the base of a two-piece shaker's tin is thickened"; a cobbler has no two-piece tins.
- when `tin-on-tin`, `tin-on-glass`: then_ask tin_weighting.
  - The same definition applies to the large tin of both two-piece styles; Cocktail Kingdom sells weighted large tins to pair with either small half ("The weighted base increases tin stability", verbatim, for the tin-on-tin half).
  - **Correction (2026-10-25 blind check):** the CK quote pairs the weighted large tin with another tin, not a glass, so it does not cover the tin-on-glass half on its own. ATK's glass-half finding now covers that half: "we found that the weight of the glass half helped it sink into the metal half a bit more readily, making for a tighter, more failproof seal" (verbatim, ATK source block above — weight aiding a tighter seal is the same mechanism a weighted metal base gives the tin-on-tin half).
- No branch for `Parisian`: nothing in the register says it changes the next question.

**Split 3, measure_units ("Recipes in ounces, millilitres, or both?")**. Answers are the values. No branches: the next questions (jigger_style, jigger_markings) are the same for every answer.

**Split 4, strainer_type.** **Corrected 2026-10-25:** the question was "Coiled Hawthorne, spoon-shaped julep, or fine mesh?", answered with the facet's own values. The blind check found this unanswerable by a first-time buyer, who knows what they shake or stir into, not strainer names. New question: "Straining into a tin, a mixing glass, or both?" The mapping from vessel to type, written into the split's `rationale`: tin needs a Hawthorne; a mixing glass takes a julep or a narrow Hawthorne; both need a narrow "all-purpose" Hawthorne. Source, Tom Macy's Strainers page (verbatim above): one recommended Hawthorne "is too wide to fit on pint mixing glass", and "many Hawthorne strainers can be used with both. The width of their spring just needs to be narrow enough to fit into standard pint and other mixing glasses." Fine mesh is not offered as a vessel answer, since Macy says it is "never ... by itself" — consistent with check.md's observation (d) that fine mesh queries resolve through Hawthorne or julep first. A buyer who already knows the strainer name still answers directly via `skip_if_known`. The facet's own `cold_start_question` was updated to match. Below, the branches are unaffected: they still key on the facet's own values (Hawthorne, julep, fine mesh), with a two-word gloss.

- when `Hawthorne`: then_ask hawthorne_coil.
  - "A tightly wound coil is what holds back ice shards" (hawthorne_coil, why experts care).
- when `julep`: makes_irrelevant hawthorne_coil.
  - hawthorne_coil's definition: "How tightly wound the spring around a Hawthorne strainer is". The julep vocabulary entry: "A perforated bowl with a short handle and no spring".
- when `fine mesh`: makes_irrelevant hawthorne_coil, vessel_fit.
  - hawthorne_coil: a fine strainer is "A small cone of wire mesh" (vocabulary), with no spring.
  - vessel_fit: "A fine strainer is held over the drinking glass, so fit does not apply" (vessel_fit, why experts care), from Macy's "Hold it over the glass and pour the cocktail through" (Straining page, verbatim above). An earlier draft dropped this leg while the only source was a search excerpt; it was restored once Macy's page was read.

## Trimmed detail

- **summary**: "Most of what a buyer gets wrong is buying a matching kit." (kept in kit_contents and judgement 7).
- **mechanism.plain**: Arnold's numbers (about 12 seconds of hard shaking reaches equilibrium at −5 to −8 °C, Difford's; about 20 percent dilution with dry ice, Difford's) are single-source and stay here. "Stirring takes 18 to 25 seconds" (Macy, single source) stays here.
- **shaker_style.why_experts_care**: ATK's "we preferred those that had tops that screwed onto the bottom halves" for cobblers; the Usagi cap that "went on and never came off". Cobbler built-in strainer holes "typically quite large, so you'll still need a separate" fine strainer (ATK).
- **shaker_capacity_oz**: ATK's "24 ounces or more" and "at least 3 inches in diameter" mouth (single source).
- **jigger_style**: ATK's 2 in mouth preference and 1.6 in small-mouth warning (single source).
- **hawthorne_coil**: Macy's "gaps between the coils almost a centimeter wide" on cheap strainers (single source). Macy's "gate" and Cocktail Kingdom's "split stream" (pro technique; vocabulary has gate).
- **jigger_accuracy**: A Bar Above's per-line figures (10 and 20 percent misses, a promotional jigger 50 percent over) are single-source and from a vendor.
- **finish**: Wirecutter "copper tarnishes easily"; BarBits says its copper-plated tin is dishwasher safe (kept as the disagreement in judgement 6).
- **muddler_head.why_experts_care**: a draft line "Teeth help with hard fruit and sugar cubes" was cut as unsourced, not moved.
- **mixing_glass_capacity_ml.why_experts_care**: a draft line saying base and spout "matter as much as size" was cut as our opinion; replaced with what Wirecutter looks for.
- **muddler_length_in**: Tunstall's "Nearly all muddlers on the market are around 8 inches" (via Wirecutter; one source for the 8). Cocktail Kingdom's own muddlers are 9.75 in, below both recommendations.

## Corrections

1. **vertical (stale, corrected 2026-10-25).** This item and the "Script and schema problems" section above it both said the schema's `vertical` enum lacked `supplies` and that `validate.py` would report an error. The blind check re-ran `validate.py` and found it passes; the skill's current `schema.json` already lists `supplies` in the enum. Both notes were wrong, or described an enum that was fixed after they were written, and are removed rather than repeated here.
2. **Wording checked against sources before finishing.** shaker_style: "most stuck shut" softened to ATK's "fit too tightly to open easily when cold and wet". insulated_wall: "the tin frosting" replaced by ATK's cue, the shaker turning ice-cold; "marked down" replaced by "flagged". tin_weighting: balance credited to Wirecutter, not to reviewers generally (ATK called the Koriko pair lightweight). jigger_markings: "etched" and "printed" removed; ATK's fading line restated. Kit trade-off: "cost about the same" replaced by Wirecutter's value line. Vocabulary for fine strainer and double straining restated from Macy's Straining page.
3. **Branches.** Strainer split re-keyed into three legs: julep and fine mesh are now separate, and fine mesh also drops vessel_fit (traced above).
4. **mechanism.plain** trimmed from 153 to 150 words (wording only).

## Corrections after the blind check (2026-10-25)

Checker report: `check.md`. Each line names the finding and what changed; a rejected finding says why.

1. Scope orphans (check.md fix 1, Part B1e). Citrus presses: our side already sent them fully to `mashers`; reaffirmed and explained in the Overlaps section, since the ambiguity is on `mashers/notes.md`'s side and that file is outside this folder. Speed pourers and pour spouts: confirmed our send-to-`bottle-wine-serving-tools` now matches that leaf's own post-blind-check claim; no JSON change needed. Standalone ice tongs and ice scoops: newly sent to `bottle-wine-serving-tools`, since nobody claimed them; kept as kit filler here only. Fine strainer double claim with `strainers`: added a title-based rule (bar/cocktail word present, or sold with a Hawthorne or julep) to `strainer_type.listing_field_hint` and a matching `backfill_note`, and to the Overlaps section.
2. Strainer split reworked (check.md fix 2, Part B4a). `splits[].question` for `strainer_type` changed from "Coiled Hawthorne, spoon-shaped julep, or fine mesh?" to "Straining into a tin, a mixing glass, or both?"; facet's own `cold_start_question` updated to match. The vessel-to-type mapping (tin → Hawthorne; glass → julep or narrow Hawthorne; both → narrow "all-purpose" Hawthorne) is now written into the split `rationale`, citing Macy. Branches unchanged (still keyed on Hawthorne/julep/fine mesh).
3. Insulated-shaker count (check.md Part A extra, CONTRADICTED; fix 3). `insulated_wall.why_experts_care` and judgement 3's `note` now say three models (Elevated Craft Hybrid, YETI Rambler 20 oz, OXO Steel Press & Pour), not two; the three quotes are logged in the ATK source block above, taken from the blind checker's direct read rather than re-fetched (my own re-fetch of the same page gave inconsistent quotes and an extra, unconfirmed model across two attempts, so I treated the checker's curl-based read as the more reliable source for this specific correction).
4. tool_type listing hint and backfill (check.md fix 4, Part D). `listing_field_hint` now flags multi-tool titles as kits rather than the first noun phrase; `backfill_cost` raised from `none` to `low` with a new `backfill_note` giving the counting rule (one tool named → that tool; two or more, or "kit"/"set" with a tool list → bar kit).
5. shaker_capacity_oz wording (check.md Part A row 3, PARTIAL; fix 5). `why_experts_care` no longer attributes "28 oz for two drinks" to Tom Macy, who only gives 28 oz as the large half of an 18/28 oz pair. Wirecutter alone carries the two-drinks framing; ATK's disagreement (19 to 29.5 oz tested, prefers 24 oz or more, no tie to drink count) is now stated inline, and ATK's "room for ice" point is cited for the opening sentence. Added `atk_shakers` to evidence.
6. mixing_glass_capacity_ml wording (check.md Part A row 6, PARTIAL; fix 6). `why_experts_care` no longer treats Cocktail Kingdom's "1-2 drink capacity" line as a second source for 550 ml, since the same line appears on CK's 500 ml page too (template text). 550 ml is now attributed to Wirecutter only; `ck_yarai_550` stays in evidence for the facts it does state (pairing, fit) but not for the capacity number.
7. Source relabelling (check.md fix 7, Part D). `bar_spoon_length_cm.source` changed from `researched` to `listing`, with a new `listing_field_hint` (Amazon titles reliably carry inch and cm lengths) and `backfill_note` (convert inches to cm); added `amazon_search_titles` to evidence. `insulated_wall.source` changed from `researched` to `listing`, since the backfill method is a title-word search; reworded `backfill_note` to drop the unsourced "absence means plain wall" inference and record unknown instead; added `amazon_search_titles` to evidence. `strainer_type.backfill_cost` raised from `none` to `low`, with a `backfill_note` giving the prong/spring derivation rule and flagging multi-type title sets as kits, not single strainers. `finish` was already correctly `listing` with the interior-metal caveat in `backfill_note`; left as is, since the checker's Part D note described what the existing note already says rather than asking for a different value.
8. jigger_accuracy and hawthorne_coil backfill notes (check.md fix 8, Part D). `jigger_accuracy.backfill_note` no longer says "top 50 jiggers from published scale tests"; it now says what exists (about 20 named models across ATK and A Bar Above, ATK with no per-line numbers) and labels the top-50 backfill scope as ours, not sourced. `hawthorne_coil.backfill_note` similarly labels its top-50 scope as ours.
9. Branch fixes (check.md fix 9, Part C). Removed `strainer_type` from the `mixing glass` branch's `makes_irrelevant`, since Cocktail Kingdom's glass page states fit by strainer type; only `shaker_style` and `measure_units` stay irrelevant there. Kept `tin_weighting` in the `tin-on-tin`/`tin-on-glass` branch's `then_ask` (removing it would drop a real annotation other then_ask entries in this register also carry for non-novice-answerable facets), and added ATK's glass-half-weight finding as the source for the tin-on-glass half, since the Cocktail Kingdom quote only covers two tins paired together.
10. Removed `skip_if_known: "owns a Hawthorne strainer"` from the `shaker_style` split (check.md fix 10, Part B2). Owning a Hawthorne does not answer tin versus glass versus cobbler.
11. tin_weighting wording (check.md "other wording faults", fix 11). `why_experts_care` no longer credits Wirecutter for finding the Koriko pair "better balanced" from weighting; Wirecutter's actual sentence credits the small tin sitting higher in the large one, a size effect, not a weight effect. Stability is now credited to Cocktail Kingdom's own "increases tin stability" line. Removed `wirecutter_barware` from evidence, since nothing in the field now rests on it.
12. Muddler trade-off (check.md "other wording faults", fix 12). Cut "Teeth break down fruit and sugar faster" from the toothed-muddler-head trade-off's `plain` text; this register's own Trimmed Detail notes already flagged it as unsourced when it was cut from `muddler_head` itself, so leaving it in `tradeoffs` was an oversight, not a disagreement.
13. strainer_type.why_experts_care (check.md "other wording faults", fix 13). Replaced "a julep only fits smaller vessels such as mixing glasses and falls into large tins" framing's overstated edge with Wikipedia's note that a julep can wedge into a shaker at the right angle, alongside Macy's smaller-vessel line already present.
14. Safety scope (check.md fix 14). `finish.why_experts_care` now says the Food Code binds bars and restaurants, not homes. Added a clause to `muddler_material.why_experts_care` on Food Code 4-101.17 (wood food-contact surfaces must be hard maple or an equivalently hard, close-grained wood), a matching `supports` entry on the `fda_food_code_ch4` reference, `fda_food_code_ch4` added to `muddler_material.evidence`, and a new judgement recording that this rule binds commercial bars, not home buyers.
15. Deleted the stale "vertical not in enum" note and the stale half of Correction 1 (check.md fix 15, housekeeping). `schema.json` already lists `supplies`; `validate.py` passes.

Rejected or left unchanged, with reasons: Split 1's (e) catalog of orphans is addressed above (item 1) to the extent fixable from this folder alone; the cross-file bounces with `mashers` cannot be closed without editing a file outside this folder, which the brief forbids. Split 2(a) (shaker_style menu has no basis for a first-time buyer to choose) and Split 3(b) (measure_units question reads the same for the measuring-cups sibling) were flagged by the checker as borderline passes, not required fixes, and are left as is. Part D's notes on `vessel_fit` ("likely medium" backfill) and `hawthorne_coil` ("no stated criterion for tight versus loose") are observations, not listed required fixes, and are left as is pending a future pass.